The Theory of Relativity and the Speed of Light

One commonly known fact in physics is that you cannot move faster than the speed of light. While thats basically true, its also an over-simplification. Under the theory of relativity, there are actually three ways that objects can move: At the speed of lightSlower than the speed of lightFaster than the speed of light Moving at the Speed of Light One of the key insights that Albert Einstein used to develop his theory of relativity was that light in a vacuum always moves at the same speed. The particles of light, or  photons, therefore move at the speed of light. This is the only speed at which photons can move. They cant ever speed up or slow down. (Note: Photons do change speed when they pass through different materials. This is how refraction occurs, but its the photons absolute speed in a vacuum that cannot change.) In fact, all of the bosons move at the speed of light, so far as we can tell. Slower Than the Speed of Light The next major set of particles (so far as we know, all of the ones that arent bosons) move slower than the speed of light. Relativity tells us that it is physically impossible to ever accelerate these particles fast enough to reach the speed of light. Why is this? It actually amounts to some basic mathematical concepts. Since these objects contain mass, relativity tells us that the equation kinetic energy of the object, based on its velocity, is determined by the equation: Ek m0(ÃŽ ³ - 1)c2 Ek m0c2 / square root of (1 - v2/c2) - m0c2 Theres a lot going on in the above equation, so lets unpack those variables: ÃŽ ³ is the Lorentz factor, which is a scale factor that shows up repeatedly in relativity. It indicates the change in different quantities, such as mass, length, and time, when objects are moving. Since ÃŽ ³ 1 / / square root of (1 - v2/c2), this is what causes the different look of the two equations shown.m0 is the rest mass of the object, obtained when it has a velocity of 0 in a given frame of reference.c is the speed of light in free space.v is the velocity at which the object is moving. The relativistic effects are only noticeably significant for very high values of v, which is why these effects could be ignored for long before Einstein came along. Notice the denominator which contains the variable v (for velocity). As the velocity gets closer and closer to the speed of light (c), that v2/c2 term will get closer and closer to 1 ... which means that the value of the denominator (the square root of 1 - v2/c2) will get closer and closer to 0. As the denominator gets smaller, the energy itself gets larger and larger, approaching infinity. Therefore, when you try to accelerate a particle nearly to the speed of light, it takes more and more energy to do it. Actually accelerating to the speed of light itself would take an infinite amount of energy, which is impossible. By this reasoning, no particle that is moving slower than the speed of light can ever reach the speed of light (or, by extension, go faster than the speed of light). Faster Than the Speed of Light So what about if we did have a particle that moves faster than the speed of light. Is that even possible? Strictly speaking, it is possible. Such particles, called tachyons, have shown up in some theoretical models, but they almost always end up being removed because they represent a fundamental instability in the model. To date, we have no experimental evidence to indicate that tachyons do exist. If a tachyon did exist, it would always move faster than the speed of light. Using the same reasoning as in the case of slower-than-light particles, you can prove that it would take an infinite amount of energy to slow a tachyon down to light speed. The difference is that, in this case, you end up with the v-term being slightly greater than one, which means the number in the square root is a negative. This results in an imaginary number, and its not even conceptually clear what having an imaginary energy would really mean. (No, this is not dark energy.) Faster Than Slow Light As I mentioned earlier, when light goes from a vacuum into another material, it slows down. It is possible that a charged particle, such as an electron, can enter a material with sufficient force to move faster than light within that material. (The speed of light within a given material is called the phase velocity of light in that medium.) In this case, the charged particle emits a form of electromagnetic radiation thats become called Cherenkov radiation. The Confirmed Exception There is one way around the speed of light restriction. This restriction only applies to objects that are moving through spacetime, but its possible for spacetime itself to expand at a rate such that objects within it are separating faster than the speed of light. As an imperfect example, think about two rafts floating down a river at a constant speed. The river forks into two branches, with one raft floating down each of the branches. Though the rafts themselves are each always moving at the same speed, they are moving faster in relation to each other because of the relative flow of the river itself. In this example, the river itself is spacetime. Under the current cosmological model, the distant reaches of the universe is expanding at speeds faster than the speed of light. In the early universe, our universe was expanding at this rate, as well. Still, within any specific region of spacetime, the speed limitations imposed by relativity do hold. One Possible Exception One final point worth mentioning is a hypothetical idea put forth called variable speed of light (VSL) cosmology, which suggests that the speed of light itself has changed over time. This is an extremely controversial theory and theres little direct experimental evidence to support it. Mostly, the theory has been put forward because it has the potential to solve certain problems in the evolution of the early universe without resorting to inflation theory.

Guess whos coming to dinner - 2087 Words

Equality for All Stanley Kramer’s film, Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner, is about an interracial marriage between a black man and a white woman as well as the generational divide between the alarmed parents of both races and the optimistic young couple. There are aspects of the film that can be construed as progressive and influential for the era, the film more accurately serves as a reflection of the larger socio-political context of 1960’s America in regards to both attitudes of antagonism and acceptance of interracial marriage. Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner addressed a forbidden subject during the pinnacle of cultural changes in America. This film is brilliantly put together, and part of that reason is because of the outstanding cast.†¦show more content†¦The film influenced members of the American public to consider the possibility of interracial dating in their own lives and to re-examine their own biases. The film was not as progressive as it potentially could have been since it avoided serious confrontations with racism while maintaining elements of white dominance in order to attract white audiences. He states very explicitly, â€Å"I know that the white man made the black woman the symbol of slavery and the white woman the symbol of freedom. Every time I embrace a black woman I’m embracing slavery, and when I put my arms around a white woman, well, I’m hugging freedom† (Cleaver, 170 ). Therefore, Cleaver explains his attraction to white women as an attraction to the long established symbols of freedom and racial supremacy. This idea is comparable to the symbols of freedom in Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner. â€Å"Toplin argues that love and the ability to choose a mate without restrictions symbolized freedom in Kramer’s film† (Harris and Toplin, 707). 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The Effect Of Spatial Form Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(238) " of the metropolis including the informal colonies, the distinction between motion in streets and back streets, colonies location in the metropolis: chief metropolis or older territories and the function of the proviso of urban services\." the focal point of undertakings and surveies refering the betterment and upgrading of these informal colonies was on a local graduated table ( within the colony ) and neglected the betterment in relation to the planned countries around and the whole metropolis, particularly when they become a strategic site in the metropolis and acquire an unreasonable addition in their significance. This wider position which back uping informal colony development on the spacial cloth of the metropolis as a whole is of import for metropoliss are planned in an incorporate manner, while these colonies appear to be random in their location and spacial signifier. Therefore understanding the consequence of spacial signifier of informal colonies is indispensable as lending issue in integrating of these countries with a more structured and definable form of spacial development of the metropolis, peculiarly factors of spacial signifier have non gained adequate attending until late for betterment informal colonies. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect Of Spatial Form Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This chapter intends to explicate the background of the survey and discourse several related surveies to place its job statement. Based on these arguments, the survey determines the specific research job. Consequently, the research inquiry, research aims, and research premise will be formulated. Finally, this chapter presents range of the survey, research model, and construction of the thesis. 1.2 Research Background Recent urban surveies give an increasing significance to the spacial issues of urban countries, particularly in relation to concept of integrating of these countries in the metropolis. Research workers in the field of urban design and urban planning explain that since the urban integrating has a physical every bit good as a societal significance, the spacial signifier of urban countries demands to be understood as a lending factor in organizing form of integrating and segregation in metropoliss ( Hillier and Vaughan, 2007 ) . The informal colonies are considered as self organized countries in the metropolis which are characterized by illegal inhabiting of the land, inappropriate layout program and un- serviced or minimally serviced land ( Abbott A ; Douglas, 2003 ) . Informal colonies can be classified harmonizing to location and morphological characters as interior – metropolis colonies and peripheral colonies. UNCHS study ( 1996 ) argued that the peripheral colonies are incorporated to the interior metropolis by urban development. Recife declaration ( 1996 ) when focused on the country of hapless people in the metropolis considered that the critical issue is the integrating of informal colonies into the metropolis, and confirmed that these colonies are built-in parts of the metropolis which represent a physical portion, but the job facing governments and faculty members in this issue is to recognize the factors that facilitate betterment of informal colonies towards the integrating with the urban cloth of the metropolis. Most of the surveies about betterment of informal colonies have been oriented to the disclosure of societal and economic factors that could impact colonies betterment procedure without sing spacial and location factors which have gained small attending in the literature ( Greene, 2003, Sobreira, 2003 and Karimi et al. , 2007 ) . Some research workers such as Mukhija ( 2001, 2002 ) and Sobreira, ( 2003 ) argued in the context of their surveies that the spacial factors can impact the success of betterment procedure of informal colonies. UNCHS ( 2003 ) study besides puts frontward that these factors can help the accommodation of more effectual schemes when seeking to better the status of these countries. the importance and function of spacial signifier is discernible in surveies of urban research workers related to integrating procedure of city`s different urban countries including informal colonies. Nunes da sylva et Al. ( 2001 ) when studied integrating of public infinites as urban countries found that these spacial factors are most critical. : location of the infinite in the metropolis, handiness to the public infinite, the quality of urban cloth where the public infinite exists, the quality of the sites urban design, including its integrating in urban axes. Costa ( 2002 ) examined the integrating of another type of urban countries – new and old seaport areas- during spacial factors. and when he used town and site degree of integrating he concluded that the chief factors are: propinquity and easy entree, continuity of public infinite ; hinder of the urban barriers ; chief urban axes extension. The survey of tall edifice urban countries showed that The part of spacial factors considered as important factors for the integrating within the city`s context, and it is revealed that the location ; spacial demands of environing street infinite and entree to the country affect the integrating procedure ( Ali A ; Aksamija, 2008 ) . Legeby ( 2008, 2009, 2010 ) argued that handiness to some of public services in residential urban countries ( vicinities ) , considers as a chief spacial factor in integrating procedure which affects the spacial connexion of different vicinities, therefore globally ( at the city`s degree ) integrated residential countries have a better possibility to pull people from outside of the country and more public urban life. Harmonizing Goncalves et Al. ( 2009 ) integrating of vicinities and the urban installations can be enhanced with centrality as spacial factor in the country of transit corridor ; In add-on, a transit system can help handiness and motion between public installations and residential countries. Urban surveies referred to the function of spacial factors in attacks for betterment of informal colonies which occupy different rates of residential countries in metropoliss of developing states, and how these factors contribution necessary to the integrating of these colonies for the betterment procedure. Hillier et Al. ( 2000 ) explained that spacial factors, particularly the layout of the colony and its relation to its urban context, have played a chief function in consolidation of the informal colonies. The critical spacial factors which facilitates for the colony to incorporate within the context of the metropolis are edge commercial land usage, spacial constellation factors – such as integrating to whole system ( planetary ) , connectivity- and location of the colony. Greene ( 2002 ; 2003 ) presented farther factors in add-on of border motion economic system factor, The factors contain the analyses of syntactic features of the parts of the metropolis including the infor mal colonies, the distinction between motion in streets and back streets, colonies location in the metropolis: chief metropolis or older territories and the function of the proviso of urban services. You read "The Effect Of Spatial Form Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" Using spacial informations is indispensable to back up the integrating of informal colonies into the formal metropolis through upgrading procedure ; therefore the informal colonies are required to be operated at a metropolitan degree and at colony degree. At the first degree the impact of the location of the colony is emerged as a spacial component on the broad urban construction, and colony handiness to foreigners which related chiefly with the land usage and interfacing activities.At colony and adjacent countries degree, the soft boundary characteristic demands to be understood and making chief motion corridors as a web if these colonies are to be integrated spatially with the surrounding ( Abbott, 2001, 2002 ) . In add-on, Abbott ( 2003 ) argued that motion and entree as spacial sphere are cardinal issues that have to be introduced for accomplishing spacial integrating into the environing countries during informal colony upgrading. Supplying spacial linkages to the environing countries by utilizing of GIS system play a cardinal function in making a model for integrating. This attack provides formal roads ( i.e. vehicular entree ) along the chief paths already defined organically within the colony. Haferburg ( 2002 ) concluded that within the metropolitan spatial development model, for the socio – spacial integrating of informal colonies, it is indispensable return into consideration the factor of location of the informal colony, in add-on the bordering vacant land, which might work good as a topographic point of shared attractive force for the different adjacent countries. Harmonizing to Mora ( 2003 ) the integrating of informal colonies besides depends on consequence of grid of the colony on building of centrality ; during alterations of handiness of certain countries create strategic locations on the grid for big graduated table commercialism which so can be used as a new signifier of communal centre. In add-on the consequence of the grid of the colony on the integrating of local commercial land utilizations based on formal domestic commercialism located in partly converted houses and the informal economic system represented by street markets. There is major concentrating on the commercial land usage in big informal colony as an extra chief spacial factor for integrating with the surrounding and the urban cloth of the metropolis as a whole. and this related to interplay between commercial land usage locations and street web properties, The big informal colonies with higher grades of consolidation seems to maximise their economic benefit non merely through stores on their outward borders but besides suiting internal markets which links its local economic system to the wider urban context ( Shafiei,2007 ) . The major job in informal colonies rises from the atomization and their internal spacial construction ( street grids ) , and this causes inability to associate to their wider context ( environing countries and urban cloth of the metropolis ) . therefore the focal point should be on the path choice scheme ( route filtering ) as the chief spacial factor of the integrating of a strategically placed cardinal informal countries based on comprehensive survey of street features ( most appropriate breadths and street profiles ) and set of be aftering ushers lines ( land usage, edifice tallness, denseness ) ( karimi et Al. , 2007 ) . 1.3 Problem Statement In recent decennaries a great trade of involvement has been given to the informal colonies in the metropoliss of the developing states. Most surveies on these colonies have focused on procedures and policies related to betterment or upgrading of these countries at the local degree ( within single colony ) , there are small work that looks at the wider impact in relation with the planned cloth of the metropolis and its vicinities ( Abbott 2001 ) . In add-on Most of the surveies about betterment of informal colonies have focused on disclosure of societal and economic factors that could impact colonies betterment procedure without sing spacial and location factors which have gained small attending in the literature ( Mukhija,2001 ; Greene, 2003 ; Sobreira, 2003 and Karimi et al. , 2007 ) . The job is that there is a spread between the informal countries and their milieus ( planned ) country of the metropolis in many facets including spacial features, which supposed to promote the economical and societal interaction, and every bit good this spread considered as a barrier to the integrating of these informal countries in the urban cloth of the metropolis. Consequently, a demand arises for surveies send oning farther, and concentrate on the relationship of these countries with the environing spatially. Based on research background and the old surveies, the spacial issues play a important function in accomplishing the grade of integrating of urban countries including informal colonies in the metropolis ‘s urban cloth. the old surveies, which are related straight to the informal colonies, presented assorted lending spacial factors in integrating procedure of these colonies with the environing countries. The most of import factors included ( inch commercial land usage, internal commercial land usage, motion web features, location of the colony, surrounding land utilizations, soft boundaries, grid form of the colony, constellation factors, distinction between motion in streets and back streets, making chief motion web, centrality, street markets, path ( chief streets ) choice scheme, outsider entree to the colony ) ( Hillier et al. , 2000 ; Greene, 2002 ; 2003 ; Abbott,2001, ; 2002 ; Abbott,2003 ; Haferburg, 2002 ; Mora,2003 ; Shafiei,2007 ; karimi et Al. , 2007 ) . These surveies were conducted through the procedures of betterment of informal colonies in different metropoliss of developing states including self-improvement attack. It has been observed that the bulk of these surveies addressed the spacial issues in peripheral informal colonies. The surveies mentioned in the background about integrating of urban countries within the metropolis exemplify how during the undertakings of urban planning and urban design these countries can incorporate locally with the surrounding and the metropolis as a whole. These surveies presented assorted spacial factors such as ( Strategic location, Accessibility, The quality of the sites urban design, Proximity and easy entree, web of efficient public conveyance systems to the country, The propinquity to the new centrality, Pedestrian A ; vehicular motion forms, Public infinite design continuity, Centrality of the country ) which show the significance of these factors in bettering the quality of infinites of these urban countries and increase their efficiency to incorporate with the surrounding ( Nunes da sylva et Al. ,2001 ; Costa,2002 ; Ali A ; Aksamija, 2008 ; Legeby,2008, 2009, 2010 ; Goncalves et Al. ,2009 ) , therefore this procedure leads to raise the quality of life of the occupa nts in the metropolis at local degree ( domestic, vicinities ) and planetary degree ( metropolis, metropolitan ) ( Ribeiro and Holanda, 2007 ) . The survey of theoretical accounts of urban countries integrating during spacial issues assist to obtain assorted spacial factors which contribute in integrating procedure, which support later in finding the factors that had non been addressed in informal colonies surveies. Through treatments of old relevant surveies on the construct of spacial integrating and the influence of spacial facets on the integrating of informal colonies in the metropolis, the following two important constructs have been detected: Most of the surveies about integrating of informal colonies was done on the peripheral colonies, and seldom discussed the spacial relationships of interior – metropolis informal colonies in the cloth of the metropolis, which are wholly different from the peripheral colonies. Harmonizing to ( UNCHS, 1982 ) the interior -city informal colonies are situated near to the most incorporate urban countries, largely present high densenesss, and have reached the bounds of growing. These colonies are normally bounded by roads, which are extremely integrated in relation to the whole construction of the metropolis. These colonies face spacial restraint, and hence tend to show a extremely heavy spacial construction. Besides, the propinquity of cardinal sites to occupation chances makes them a more sensible and engorged site ( Sobreira, 2003 ) . The old surveies on informal colonies have non addressed all the spacial factors that affect the integrating of these colonies, where we see that there is more spacial factors contribute in integrating procedure of different urban countries as revealed in surveies related integrating of different urban countries in the metropolis such as ( existing urban barriers, propinquity and handiness to public installations, handiness to working population, handiness to residential population, propinquity to a new centrality, web of public conveyance to the country, the extension of chief urban axes to the country, the status of next streets, continuity of public infinites ) . In add-on of deficiency of surveies on spacial features of informal colonies and their betterment in integrating with the environing countries, these two constructs act as index to demo that the spacial relationship of inner- metropolis informal colonies with the urban cloth of the metropolis is non clear, despite the multiplicity and assortment of tendencies sing the consequence of the spacial relationship on the integrating of informal colonies in the metropolis. This job is truly obvious In instance of informal colonies of Erbil metropolis, which is selected as a instance survey country, where most of the informal colonies has become interior – metropolis informal vicinities or parts of planned vicinities with using self betterment attack. Erbil city`s urban countries in general has passed through rapid development since ninetieth of last century and the Iraq release 2003 accelerated urban development, enlargement of the metropolis, and fixing maestro programs by taking benefits from net incomes of Kurdistan part oil gross, therefore this state of affairs affected the planning of land utilizations and tendencies of enlargements of the metropolis, These rapid developments lead to a province of decomposition of these colonies with the urban cloth of the metropolis. Based on the job statement, this survey attempts to reply the undermentioned research inquiries: Make the spacial factors assist integrating of inner-city informal colonies with the environing countries? What are the perceptual experience of occupants toward spacial relationship of informal colonies and their integrating in the metropolis? What are the most influential factors which interpret the spacial relationship of interior -city informal colonies with the surrounding? 1.4 Research Aims The aims of this research are as follows: To analyze the spacial factors that influences the integrating of interior – metropolis informal colonies in the urban cloth of the metropolis. To find the perceptual experience of occupants towards the integrating of informal colonies with the urban cloth of the metropolis through a set of spacial factors. To place the strength of relationship between the spacial factors of interior -city informal colonies and the integrating procedure in the metropolis. 1.5 Rationale of the survey The chief grounds for carry oning this survey are as follows: This survey addresses the spacial efficiency of the inner- metropolis informal settlement`s layout to incorporate into the urban cloth of the metropolis, and therefore it deals with the planning and design of these urban countries in relation with environing planned countries. The spacial issues of these informal colonies requires considerable precedence to be studied, that most of the research workers in this field mentioned that small attending paid to spacial topics in informal colonies. The deficiency of surveies related to informal colonies in Erbil metropolis in general, particularly physical and spacial side, and their province one time considered as inner- metropolis colonies. The urban planning undertakings of Erbil metropolis such as maestro programs and territory plans- including the last Erbil maestro program undertaking in 2007- did n’t pay adequate attending to betterment of these colonies and their state of affairs in urban cloth of the metropolis. 1.6 Scope of the survey This survey seeks to understand the integrating of the informal colonies through the spacial relationships of these colonies with the environing countries. It aims to analyze the influence of spacial facets on the integrating of inner-city informal colonies through a set of spacial factors, this integrating is support the betterment of these colonies on the degree of the adjacent countries and the metropolis as a whole. Erbil metropolis is selected to be the instance survey of the research due to fact that it offers typical instance sing to location of its informal colonies as interior – metropolis colonies, which surrounded with planned incorporate urban countries and streets, so these colonies distinguished by being tangled with the planned urban environment, but with different characteristics of the physical and socio-economic development. It is important to observe that a new characteristic is reshaping the urban environment in Erbil metropolis during pattern urban planning and urban design mechanisms for development and enlargement of the metropolis. These developments which are represented in land usage and transit planning undertakings, made these informal countries inconsistent with the environing planned countries spatially ( Figure 1.2 ) , hence the research is limited to analyze the spacial facets consequence on the integrating of these informal colonies in this planned urban environment of Erbil metropolis. Hydrogen: 5-3s5 ( 3 ) .jpg Figure 1.1 Inner-city locations of informal colonies in Erbil City`s Residential Land Use Map. ( Beginning: Erbil Master Plan Report 2008 ) 1.7 Structure of the thesis This research is organized into six chapters as follows: Chapter one is a preliminary chapter displays the background of the research and discusses old related surveies specifically: surveies about spacial facets in different urban countries including informal colonies. It consists of besides job statement, the research aims, principle of the survey, the range of the survey, research model, and the organisation of the survey. Chapter two represents the literature reappraisal, which Consists of three chief pillars of the survey: Informal colonies, spacial facets, and Integration procedure. A theoretical survey of informal colonies will be analyzed and investigated from the facets of the subject of the research. A elaborate survey of spacial facets in urban countries in the metropolis and their characteristics in the informal colonies will be presented. The chapter besides discusses the integrating in urban countries in the degree of environing country and in the degree of the whole metropolis, with concentrating on spacial concerns, the integrating as constructs in attacks of bettering informal colonies. Chapter three intends to specify and explicate proposed spacial factors that affect the integrating of interior -city informal colonies in the metropolis. As good, it surveies and buttockss mensurating tools for these proposed factors. The chapter nowadayss besides the development of informal colonies in Iraq in general and Erbil metropolis in item with concentrating on the selected informal colony Badawa in the survey country ( Erbil City ) and its surrounding planned countries. Chapter four presents the research methodological analysis and explains the type of methodological analysis that will be used in the survey. It shows in item sampling methods, informations aggregation, and in the terminal determines acceptable methods of analysis can be applied in the following chapter. Chapter five focal points on the analysis of the informations aggregation. The application of analysis techniques ( quantitative method ) will be achieved. It presents and discusses the consequences, which lead to the decisions and recommendations in the following chapter. Chapter six includes research decisions and cardinal findings. It discusses the manner in which the survey has answered the research inquiries. The chapter besides shows the scope of part of the research in mensurating the spacial facets consequence on the integrating of interior metropolis informal colonies in Erbil metropolis. The last subdivision outlines the recommendations of the survey. 1.8 Summery This introductory chapter addressed foremost the back land of the research which dealt with the importance of spacial signifier of informal colonies and integrating with their surrounding within the metropolis context. Furthermore, it focused on the surveies used spacial factors for integrating of different urban countries including informal colonies. Then, the chapter focused on the job statement of the research and explained the grounds of survey the spacial facets in integrating of inner- metropolis of informal colonies, this led to explicating the research aims and inquiries. The principle and the range of the survey were presented which considered the deficiency of surveies related spacial facets in informal colonies, importance of integrating of informal colonies and the deficiency of surveies on spacial and physical side of Erbil city`s informal colonies as justifications. Finally the model and the lineation of the research were presented which consisted of five chapters. This first chapter followed by the literature reappraisal which will concentrate on the informal colonies in developing states, infinites in urban countries including informal colonies, and the old surveies related utilizing spacial factors in integrating of informal colonies and other signifiers of urban countries in the metropolis. Problem Statement Research Aims Research Questions Introduction The impact of spacial facets on the integrating of informal colonies in Erbil City, Iraq Datas Analysis SPSS Descriptive Decisions and Recommendations Factor Analysis aAnnalysis Key Findingss Correlation Analysis Analysis Proposed spacial factors for interior -city informal colonies affect integrating in urban cloth of the metropolis Literature Review Theoretical survey of informal settee. Spatial facets in urban countries Integration constructs A ; theoretical accounts ( urban countries A ; informal. Settle. ) in the metropolis Data Collection Questionnaire Quantitative Survey Experts Residents Figure 1.2 Research Framework How to cite The Effect Of Spatial Form Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

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SWOT Analysis of AB InBev I have the assignment to make the SWOT analysis of a company. So first I will explain what a SWOT analysis is, second I will give some background information about the company and last I will make the SWOT analysis about the company. SWOT Analysis A SWOT Analysis, also called a SWOT Matrix, is a method to make a structured planning to evaluate the Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of a company. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving the goal of the company. That what makes the SWOT so powerful and important is that it can help you reveal opportunities, which are good for your business. By understanding the weaknesses of your business will help you to prevent possible threats that otherwise would go unnoticed. The short explanation for every word: Strengths: the internal conditions, which are under control of the corporation. On the grounds that developing countries dont have the current infrastructure such as electrical grids and decentralized energy production is much more cost effective than building such infrastructure (Bradford, 2006). In closing, the future growth of the solar industry hinges on developing nations using renewable energy to fuel their growth and leap frog the expense of constructing infrastructure to distribute traditional forms of energy with decentralized production. After identifying the two drivers that will dictate the future growth of the solar panel industry, we can examine the projections made about the future growth of the industry. The current market is over five billion dollars annually with new markets continuing to develop. Predictions have been made that the solar cell manufacturing ndustry will be a twenty- five billion plus industry by 2010 (CSU, 2007). While the solar panel industry has experienced a steady stream of growth for the last six years with growth estimated at a rate of thirty percent annually (Businessweek, 2006). In conclusion, the solar panel industry has experienced a consistent annual rate of growth that will only continue to increase with the growing trend towards renewable energy. Now that we have examined the economic drivers that will fuel the growth of the industry and the current growth the industry has experienced we can began to xamine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats Sharp faces. The foundation of Sharps strength in the solar panel industry stems from their experience manufacturing solar powered fuel cells. Since 1963 Sharp Corporation has been mass producing solar powered fuel cells. This translates into roughly forty years of production experience. With Sharps solar panel division being the second largest producer within the industry. Another crucial strength that Sharp possesses is its effective utilization of its working capital generated from its sale of consumer lectronics. Sharp uses this working capital to fund research and development and gain a foothold in developing markets as a means of achieving their long-term goal of becoming an industry leader. Sharp is currently allocating billions of dollars to the research and development of new cutting edge technology before industry rivals beat them to the punch (Hall, 2008). In addition, to investing in new technology, Sharp is increasing their production capacity with construction of a new factory in to produce solar panels suitable for the climates in Southern Europe, Southeast Asia, Central and South America, and Africa (Williams, 2008) pcmag. Finally, Sharp has Just recently announced a partnership with Italian energy company costing 1. 05 billion dollars to build several solar power-generating plants in the next four years. With Sharp collecting royalties from Enels sales generated from the new plants. In summary, one of Sharps biggest strengths is their ability to effectively utilize their working capital and take the necessary actions to accomplish their long-term goal of being the industry leader. After evaluating the strengths Sharp brings to the ndustry, we can begin to evaluate their weaknesses within the industry. One of the greatest weaknesses of Sharp stems from the fact that they are headquartered in Japan. Which has the highest production costs in the entire world . The high production costs of manufacturing in Japan poses a serious threat by hampering their ability to offer prices competitive with those of the competition. Who manufacture their products in countries with much lower labor costs. Another weakness of Sharp is the susceptibility to changes in the value of other countries currency eroding their sales (Funding Universe, unknown). In summary, the weaknesses of Sharp Corporation consist of manufacturing in the world most expensive country and their vulnerability to changing exchange rates negatively impacting their sales. After reviewing the weaknesses of Sharp within the industry we can now examine the opportunities Sharp has within the industry. With the growing trend towards transitioning to renewable energy sources, there are multiple opportunities within the industry that Sharp can capitalize on as a means achieving growth. One of the greatest opportunities presented to Sharp Corporation within the industry is Europes oal to obtain twenty percent of its energy from renewable sources by the year 2020. Even if only a quarter of the renewable energy quota were generated through solar power, the entire industry would have to multiply their production by twenty-five (Schenker, 2008). Europes commitment to renewable energy presents Sharp with the opportunity of unlimited demand for their solar panels. On the grounds that the industry will most likely not be able to increase production capacity to meet the ambitious goals Europe has set for themselves. In summary, Europes commitment to enewable energy poses a substantial opportunity for Sharp to increase their presence within the industry. With the growing trend of modernization brought on by globalization developing nations present Sharp with yet another opportunity to achieve growth. Solar energy has proven to be one of the best solutions for providing electricity to the rural communities around the globe. With 1. 6 million people in developing countries not having access to electricity grids. Sharp has the opportunity to invent and manufacturer solar panel products, which are suitable to the needs of those living ithout, access to electricity (EPIA, 2009). So, as Sharp continues to improve production efficiency and cut costs, they are presented with the valuable opportunity of developing solar panel specifically suited to the needs of those in developing nations. The opportunity to provide solar panel products to developing nations would out the goal of taking action that help Sharp become a global company while contributing to the construction of a sustainable society (Sharp, 2009). In summary, the developing world and the 1. 6 million people without electricity present Sharp ith the opportunity of new markets while helping to strengthen their dedication to social responsibility. After examining the opportunities that are currently available to Sharp within the industry, we can begin to examine the current threats Sharp faces. Before February 2008 Sharp held the ranking of number one producer within the industry. However, they have recently been replaced by Q-cells. Founded in 1999 in Germany, Q-cells was able to surpass Sharp due to their ability to acquire the necessary amount of poly silicon during the recent shortages (Calflnder, 2008). In ummary, the German company Q-cells poses a serious threat to Sharp, with their ability to rise to the number one position ten years after going into business. Sharp also faces a serious threat from manufacturers abroad, whose governments provide larger subsidies than the Japanese government. Sharp faces a serious threat from competitors in China, where the government subsidies aimed creating a stronger market for domestic manufacturer is three times as large as the current subsidies offered by the Japanese government. In summary, Sharp faces an international threat from manufacturers within China whose government subsidies far surpass hose offered in Japan. In conclusion, what once began as small metal works shop has transformed into an international corporation. With the foundation of their success being attributed to the corporate culture created by its founder Tokuji Hayakawa. His emphasis on the importance of investing in the development of new technologies is the reason Sharp is where they are today. With Sharps abundance of working capital, and the opportunities that exist within Europe and developing nations Sharp will almost certainly be able to reclaim their spot as the number one industry leader.